
Introduction to IP Addresses: Locating Targets with Penlink
Learn how Google Data for Law Enforcement supports investigations with real cases, data types, and analysis tips. Download the guide to improve your investigative strategy.
When investigators hear “tracker,” the first thought is usually a GPS unit hidden under a bumper. But location data doesn’t live in just one place anymore. Vehicles, apps, and even household items can leave behind digital footprints that tell a story.
Here are six places investigators have found valuable location data, often in unexpected ways:
Modern vehicles are constantly logging information. Head units can store routes, synced phone contacts, and even call histories. In one case, vehicle data and phone records came together to give investigators a second-by-second timeline that proved stronger than eyewitness accounts.
Rental companies often keep GPS logs tied to their vehicles. With the proper legal request, those records can confirm a car’s precise longitude and latitude information during critical windows of time. What might look like just another rented SUV can carry a detailed travel history.
Food delivery and rideshare services track every pickup and drop-off. Those records can help show if someone was dropped near a crime scene, or if a delivery order happened in the middle of an incident. Sometimes a late-night burrito run turns out to be a crucial piece of evidence.
Watches, fitness apps, and even connected shoes record more than steps. They can show movement patterns, sudden stops, or changes in heart rate. In past cases, these devices have helped fill in blanks when nothing else could.
Designed for parents and families, these apps often store precise location histories. They have already been used in missing person cases to guide search teams straight to the right area, saving days or even weeks of work.
Bluetooth tags, smart luggage, and other connected gadgets often keep travel data. On their own, these details may not seem like much. Combined with other digital evidence from your case, they can help complete a timeline and strengthen your findings.
Each of these sources is just one thread. Pulled together, they create a fuller picture of events that can be shown in court. The data described above is often very precise, giving exact coordinates that can pinpoint a suspect’s or victim’s location. For investigators, it’s a reminder that location data is everywhere, and it’s a matter of knowing where to look and how to bring it all together.
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